and more efficient — can be provided by a central 400 hertz
distribution system or individual ground power units at each
gate. In either case, the building’s electrical service must be
able to support the 400 hertz system or be upgraded. Point-of-use systems are typically the logical choice for terminals
without an existing central system.
Fueling
Fuel service at the gate is often overlooked during aircraft
layout, but can be a significant cost and operational impact
during construction. Fuel can be provided either from truck
refuelers or through an underground hydrant system. Truck
refuelers are flexible but come with inherent safety risks,
availability challenges and congestion. Hydrant systems are
the most efficient and safest, but present their own set of
challenges when modifying existing gates. Different aircraft
require varying hydrant access locations. Accommodating both
narrow-body and regional jets, which are refueled under the
right wing, and larger aircraft, which take on fuel under both
wings, affects aircraft layout. Experienced engineers understand
the nuances of locating the fuel hydrant pit properly in relation
to the parked aircraft to meet the goals of a flexible gate layout.
Ground Service Equipment (GSE)
Remaining ground services provided to the aircraft, including
baggage handling, food service, lavatory service, potable water,
pushback equipment and maintenance, require consideration,
too. Although most are mobile connections with the aircraft
made by GSE, they require specific connection points and could
impact gate design and planning. Accounting for convenient
GSE parking and access to each gate is an important part of
gate planning.
Flexibility at the gate is desirable for both the airport and
airlines. The ability to have multiple aircraft configurations at
one gate is often complicated and may have a higher cost for
design and construction. But careful consideration and planning
during the conceptual design phase, paired with an experienced
engineering team, can lead to a versatile and accessible
terminal layout that will last well into the future.
